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中国科学报消息，5月12日，据媒体报道，人类首例猪肾移植患者Richard Slayman在术后不到两个月去世，享年62岁。美国麻省总医院（MGH）研究团队于5月11日正式宣布了此消息。    The prevailing theory among scientists is that around 4.5 billion years ago when the Earth was still forming and was covered in molten lava, it was struck by an object thought to be roughly the size of Mars known as Theia.,It is believed that Theia was destroyed in the process and Earth lost a significant portion of its mass. The gravitational pull of the remains of Earth then held debris from the event in its orbit which quickly, perhaps in less than 100 years, formed into the Moon.,Now, thanks to new research coming from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, we have more evidence to back that up. Patrizia Will led a group of researchers in studying six lunar meteorites discovered in Antarctica in the early 2000s.,Science & TechBeat the Heat By Traveling to the Moon, Scientists Discover Pits That Stay 63 ℉ All Year27 July, 21:42 GMT,Inside she found small glass beads containing helium and neon that were formed during volcanic eruptions during the Moon’s early life. These gases are called noble gases because of their relatively low volatility. They are believed to have originated from Earth, inherited when the Moon was created in the aforementioned massive impact.,Scientists believe that because of the amount found in moon rocks and lunar meteorites, they must have come from Earth. The theory is that after the great collision, noble gases floated around Earth while superheated to thousands of degrees. The Moon formed at the same time and much of the noble gases settled in and on the Moon.,Had the gases come from elsewhere, like dust traveling on solar winds, scientists would expect there to be far less of it.,Despite their relative abundance, they're still fairly rare, and no study had been able to prove the existence of the gases in lunar meteorites before.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT,Will was able to do so by weighing individual molecules to determine the makeup of chemical substances using an advanced mass spectrometer from the Noble Gas Laboratory at ETH Zurich.,Scientists are also trying to figure out how the noble gases got to Earth in the first place. There are two prevailing theories: that they were delivered here by comets and meteorites, or that they were present in a nebula cloud when the Sun was still young, and while Earth was forming, it pulled them in.,The plan is to look for other noble gases like krypton and xenon. If they are found on lunar meteorites and similar instances of the gases are found in other meteorites, then that would suggest that Earth likely got its noble gases from collisions early in its life. If not, that would lend more weight to the nebula theory.,The study’s authors say they found some evidence of krypton and xenon on the lunar meteorites, but more research will be required to confirm that.。

据华中科技大学同济医院器官移植研究所教授、同济医院器官获取组织（OPO）首席顾问陈忠华透露，他从为该患者实施手术的美国研究团队处获悉，患者于5月6日死于心脏病。死亡原因与移植物功能没直接关系。此前，研究团队估计，这位患者至少能活两年以上。

“很遗憾，患者虽然‘挺’过了异种器官移植超急排异反应、围手术期风险、感染及早期康复等阶段，但没能‘熬’过可能因多种综合因素导致的心脏问题。”陈忠华说，病人患尿毒症11年，曾做过一次同种移植，而且患有高血压和2型糖尿病。

B |

该患者出院后复查时曾公开表示，“相比此前的长期透析，现在能吃、能喝，感觉真好”。

另据第一财经，在斯莱曼去世后，该医院的移植团队表示，没有任何迹象表明移植是导致死亡的原因。不过斯莱曼的具体死因尚未公布。

C |

器官移植专家、复旦大学上海医学院副院长朱同玉表示：“患者的死亡原因还是要通过具体的病理分析才能得知，但此前两名接受猪心移植的患者在移植手术后也都没有活过两个月，这说明异种移植在真正进入到临床应用前，还面临很多挑战。”

据央视新闻，美国马萨诸塞综合医院3月21日发布消息称，该院医学专家已成功为一名美国男性终末期肾病患者进行了一项特殊的移植手术，将经基因编辑的猪肾脏移植入其体内。

D | 这是全球首例。

E | 这名男子术后恢复良好。

据介绍，该院移植中心的专家于16日进行了这项耗时4小时的手术。接受猪肾脏移植的患者是现年62岁的理查德·斯莱曼。

F | 斯莱曼多年来一直患2型糖尿病和高血压，曾长期透析。

G | 他于2018年12月在该院接受了肾移植手术，但几年后其移植的肾脏出现衰竭迹象，不得不于2023年5月恢复透析。后来斯莱曼出现血管通路相关并发症，医生建议其进行猪肾脏移植。美国食品和药物管理局基于“同情使用”规则批准了这项移植手术。

该医院表示，这次移植手术使用的猪肾脏经过了69处基因组编辑，其中包括“敲除”会引起人类排异反应的基因，添加一些人类基因以改善动物器官与人体的兼容性。此外，研究团队让猪体内的逆转录病毒基因失活，以防相关病毒影响接受移植者。该院医学专家表示，希望这种移植方案能为全球数百万肾衰竭患者带来希望。

据美国非营利机构器官共享联合网络组织数据，美国有超过10万人等待器官移植，平均每天有17人在等待器官的过程中死亡。

H | 为应对人体器官供应源短缺，研究人员长期致力于研究异种器官移植。猪因其器官组织结构、生理功能和大小与人体器官相近，被视为异种器官移植最佳供体动物之一，但异种器官移植仍有许多困难和风险有待通过科学研究和临床试验攻克。

美国此前曾进行两例活体人类猪心脏移植手术，但两名患者都在术后数月内死亡。去年7月，美国纽约大学兰贡医疗中心团队曾进行一例猪肾脏移植手术，受试者是一名已被判定为脑死亡的57岁男性。